Profit per hectare of hemp is not a property of the plant. It depends on variety and purpose, on the contract with the buyer and the distance to the plant, on the yield on your soil and on the cost of harvesting. Below are only figures that have a source and a date, from the institute's calculations, the processor and advisory centres. We do not forecast prices and we do not promise income.
MRiRW / IWNiRZ-PIB calculation (2026), model “qualified sowing material + straw”: yield 1,800 kg of seed × PLN 13/kg = PLN 23,400 revenue; costs approx. PLN 11,400/ha: seed, fertiliser, mowing, labour, machinery, seed drying, taxes, insurance, mechanical care; income approx. PLN 12,000/ha before subsidies, approx. PLN 14,100 with subsidies. The same institute gives a cautious variant: PLN 5–6 thousand/ha from seed alone, and for Białobrzeski 800 kg × PLN 15, approx. PLN 4,700/ha net. Growing solely for straw is, according to IWNiRZ, “significantly less attractive economically”. In 2025 the institute prepared seven calculations for hemp and makes them available on request (biuro@programkonopny.pl).
A caveat you need to know: PLN 13/kg is the purchase price of qualified sowing material under seed contracting, a market limited to the institute's seed plantations. Consumption seed costs approx. PLN 4/kg (Hemp King). The buyer's view: 300–1,500 kg of seed and 6–15 t of straw per hectare, realistic profit PLN 4–5 thousand/ha.
Costs from the processor's side, Hanffaser Uckermark (Germany, 2025 harvest), fibre cultivation: cultivation and sowing EUR 160, seed EUR 350 (standard 50 kg/ha), fertiliser EUR 300, harvesting and baling EUR 490, transport 25 km EUR 150, overheads EUR 40, total EUR 1,555/ha excluding land lease. Straw yield: peat 10–12 t/ha, medium mineral soils 9–10 t/ha, lighter soils 6–8 t/ha, sands unprofitable. Revenue: 7 t × EUR 190 + 6 dt of seed × EUR 90 = EUR 1,870/ha, versus winter wheat EUR 1,742/ha in the same calculation. In Poland, the seed cost per hectare at 2026 prices (PLN 52–60/kg) is approx. PLN 600–900 on a seed plantation, PLN 1,300–1,800 for seed, PLN 3,100–4,200 for fibre, based on IWNiRZ sowing rates.
Straw in Poland: PLN 300–350/t (farm press, 02.2026) gives PLN 360–560/ha at 1.2–1.6 t after threshing, which does not cover harvesting. Kombinat Konopny pays PLN 700–800/t (2026) for retted straw delivered to Elbląg, at a yield of approx. 12 t/ha in Żuławy, but only within a 50 km radius. Distance to the plant is an economic parameter: Hanffaser calculates tractor transport under 30 km at approx. EUR 10/t, and a lorry over 100 km at approx. EUR 25/t.
Comparison with rapeseed and wheat, calculations from ODR and agricultural chambers: ZODR Barzkowice (03.2025): rapeseed 30–35 dt × PLN 215, income PLN 486–999/ha (PLN 969–1,482 with subsidies); wheat 45–55 dt × PLN 90, loss PLN 797–372/ha (–313 to +112 PLN with subsidies). OODR Łosiów (03.2025): rapeseed 20/30/40 dt, +490/+1,703/+3,106 PLN/ha; wheat 40/55/70 dt, –121/+224/+752 PLN/ha. Wielkopolska Chamber of Agriculture (08.2026): wheat 7 t, loss PLN 660–747/ha even with subsidies; rapeseed 3.5 t, +427 to +907 PLN/ha with subsidies. Against this background, hemp for seed under contract (PLN 4–6 thousand/ha) comes out better than rapeseed, and the IWNiRZ seed model (PLN 12–14 thousand) comes out much better, but only for a limited number of plantations.
Subsidies do not change the calculation: the payment for hemp is PLN 168.99/ha for 2025 and an estimated PLN 124.73/ha towards 2026 advances. It is, however, worth calculating insurance: from 2025 the state subsidises 65% of the premium, and the insured sum for 2026 is up to PLN 47,700/ha. Details are in the guide on subsidies.
Land. If you plan an area under hemp with an investor, private-market rents (GUS, H2 2025) average PLN 1,771/ha, from approx. PLN 1,100–1,200 in Podlaskie, Lubelskie and Podkarpackie to PLN 2,400–2,600 in Wielkopolskie and Kuyavian-Pomeranian. Leases from KOWR average approx. 13 dt of wheat/ha (approx. PLN 1,060/ha in Q1 2026). The cheapest large areas: West Pomeranian (KOWR lease approx. 7 dt/ha, purchase approx. PLN 43 thousand/ha), Podlaskie and Lubelskie, and Lubelskie is at the same time the leader in hemp area in 2026. Offers and enquiries about land for hemp are collected by the hemp exchange in the category “land and investment”.
Three things decide the outcome before you sow: a buyer with a contract and a base price, harvesting technology matched to that buyer (own machine, service, or group of farms), and the distance to the plant. All three are covered in the hemp centre, with checklists to print. We calculate machine cost and instalments in the financing calculator.